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+
+</style>
+<h1 id="migration-guides"><a class="header" href="#migration-guides">Migration Guides</a></h1>
+<p>This section provides some guides to aid in migrating software from
+earlier versions <em>NNG</em> or <em>libnanomsg</em>.</p>
+<ul>
+<li><a href="./migrate/nng1.html">Migrating from NNG 1.x</a></li>
+<li><a href="./migrate/nanomsg.html">Migrating from libnanomsg</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+ </main>
+
+ <nav class="nav-wrapper" aria-label="Page navigation">
+ <!-- Mobile navigation buttons -->
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diff --git a/ref/migrate/nanomsg.html b/ref/migrate/nanomsg.html
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..cd3380f0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/ref/migrate/nanomsg.html
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+<!DOCTYPE HTML>
+<html lang="en" class="light" dir="ltr">
+ <head>
+ <!-- Book generated using mdBook -->
+ <meta charset="UTF-8">
+ <title>Migrating from libnanomsg - NNG Reference Manual (DRAFT)</title>
+
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+ <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+ <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
+
+ <link rel="icon" href="../favicon.svg">
+ <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../favicon.png">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/variables.css">
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/chrome.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/print.css" media="print">
+
+ <!-- Fonts -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../FontAwesome/css/font-awesome.css">
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+ <!-- Highlight.js Stylesheets -->
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+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../tomorrow-night.css">
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../ayu-highlight.css">
+
+ <!-- Custom theme stylesheets -->
+ <link rel="stylesheet" href="../theme/pagetoc.css">
+
+ </head>
+ <body class="sidebar-visible no-js">
+ <div id="body-container">
+ <!-- Provide site root to javascript -->
+ <script>
+ var path_to_root = "../";
+ var default_theme = window.matchMedia("(prefers-color-scheme: dark)").matches ? "navy" : "light";
+ </script>
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+ <ol class="chapter"><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../dedication.html">Dedication</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded affix "><a href="../preface.html">Preface</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.</strong> API Reference</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/msg.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.1.</strong> Messages</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/memory.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.2.</strong> Memory</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/time.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.3.</strong> Time</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/url.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.4.</strong> URLs</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/aio.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.5.</strong> Asynchronous I/O</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/synch.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.6.</strong> Synchronization</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/thread.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.7.</strong> Threads</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/logging.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.8.</strong> Logging</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/stats.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.9.</strong> Statistics</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/errors.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.10.</strong> Errors</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/misc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.11.</strong> Miscellaneous</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/id_map.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.12.</strong> ID Map</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../api/cmd_opts.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">1.13.</strong> Command Options</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.</strong> Protocols</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/bus.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.1.</strong> BUS Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/pair.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.2.</strong> PAIR Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/pub.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.3.</strong> PUB Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/pull.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.4.</strong> PULL Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/push.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.5.</strong> PUSH Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/rep.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.6.</strong> REP Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/req.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.7.</strong> REQ Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/respondent.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.8.</strong> RESPONDENT Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/sub.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.9.</strong> SUB Protocol</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../proto/surveyor.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">2.10.</strong> SURVEYOR Protocol</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tran/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.</strong> Transports</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tran/inproc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.1.</strong> Intra-Process Transport</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tran/ipc.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.2.</strong> Inter-Process Transport</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tran/socket.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.3.</strong> BSD Socket (Experimental)</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../tran/udp.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">3.4.</strong> UDP Transport (Experimental)</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../migrate/index.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.</strong> Migration Guides</a><a class="toggle"><div>❱</div></a></li><li><ol class="section"><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../migrate/nng1.html"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.1.</strong> Migrating from NNG 1.x</a></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../migrate/nanomsg.html" class="active"><strong aria-hidden="true">4.2.</strong> Migrating from libnanomsg</a></li></ol></li><li class="chapter-item expanded "><a href="../indexing.html">Index</a></li></ol>
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+<h1 id="migrating-from-libnanomsg"><a class="header" href="#migrating-from-libnanomsg">Migrating from libnanomsg</a></h1>
+<p>Previous version of NNG offered direct API compatibility with <em>libnanomsg</em>,
+but that support is no longer offered in this version.</p>
+<p>If your application is still using legacy <em>libnanomsg</em> APIs, you will need to
+update it for this version of NNG.</p>
+<h2 id="header-files"><a class="header" href="#header-files">Header Files</a></h2>
+<p>Most applications can replace all <code>#include &lt;nn/*.h&gt;</code> statements with <code>#include &lt;nng/nng.h&gt;</code>.</p>
+<h2 id="link-libraries"><a class="header" href="#link-libraries">Link Libraries</a></h2>
+<p>Replace <code>-lnanomsg</code> with <code>-lnng</code>.
+It may be necessary to include additional system libraries, such as <code>-lpthread</code>, depending on your system.</p>
+<h2 id="types"><a class="header" href="#types">Types</a></h2>
+<p>Sockets, dialers, and listeners in <em>libnanomsg</em> are simple integers.
+In NNG, these are <code>struct</code> types.</p>
+<p>Messages are quite different in NNG, with the absence of the POSIX message control
+headers.</p>
+<p>The <code>struct nn_msghdr</code> structure has no equivalent. See <code>nng_msg</code> for the
+NNG approach to messages. Likewise there is no <code>struct nn_cmsghdr</code> equivalent.</p>
+<h2 id="api-conversions"><a class="header" href="#api-conversions">API Conversions</a></h2>
+<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Nanomsg API</th><th>NNG Equivalent</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody>
+<tr><td><code>nn_strerror</code></td><td><code>nng_strerror</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_errno</code></td><td>No equivalent. Errors are redirectly rather than through <code>errno</code>.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_socket</code></td><td>Use the appropriate protocol constructor, such as <code>nng_req0_open</code>.</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_close</code></td><td><code>nng_close</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_bind</code></td><td><code>nng_listen</code>, <code>nng_listener_create</code></td><td>Allocating a listener with <code>nng_lister_create</code> and configuring it offers more capabilities.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_connect</code></td><td><code>nng_dial</code>, <code>nng_dialer_create</code></td><td>Allocating a dialer with <code>nng_dialer_create</code> and configuring it offers more capabilities.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_shutdown</code></td><td><code>nng_lister_close</code>, <code>nng_dialer_close</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_allocmsg</code></td><td><code>nng_msg_alloc</code></td><td>There are significant semantic differences.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_freemsg</code></td><td><code>nng_msg_free</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_reallocmsg</code></td><td><code>nng_msg_realloc</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_send</code></td><td><code>nng_send</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_recv</code></td><td><code>nng_recv</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_sendmsg</code></td><td><code>nng_sendmsg</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_getsockopt</code></td><td><code>nng_socket_get</code></td><td>NNG has typed accessors for options, and also separate functions for dialers and listeners.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_setsockopt</code></td><td><code>nng_socket_set</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_device</code></td><td><code>nng_device</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_poll</code></td><td>None</td><td>Can be constructed using <code>nng_aio</code>. Few if any applications ever used this API.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_term</code></td><td>None</td><td>The <code>nng_fini</code> API can do this, but is not recommended except when debugging memory leaks.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>nn_get_statistic</code></td><td><code>nng_stats_get</code></td><td>The statistics in NNG are completely different, with different semantics and no stability guarantees.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_POLLIN</code></td><td>None</td><td>Used only with <code>nn_poll</code>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_POLLOUT</code></td><td>None</td><td>Used only with <code>nn_poll</code>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_MSG</code></td><td><code>NNG_FLAG_ALLOC</code></td><td>See <code>nng_send</code> and <code>nng_recv</code> for details.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_ALIGN</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_FIRSTHDR</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_NXTHDR</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_DATA</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_LEN</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_CMSG_SPACE</code></td><td>None</td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>struct nn_iovec</code></td><td><code>nng_iov</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>struct nn_msghdr</code></td><td><code>nng_msg</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>struct nn_cmsghdr</code></td><td><code>nng_msg</code> and <code>nng_msg_header</code></td><td></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+<h2 id="options"><a class="header" href="#options">Options</a></h2>
+<p>The following options are changed.</p>
+<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Nanomsg Option</th><th>NNG Eqvaivalent</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody>
+<tr><td><code>NN_LINGER</code></td><td>None</td><td>NNG does not support tuning this.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_SNDBUF</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_SENDBUF</code></td><td>NNG value is given in messages, not bytes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RCVBUF</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_RECVBUF</code></td><td>NNG value is given in messages, not bytes.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_SNDTIMEO</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_SENDTIMEO</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RCVTIMEO</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_RECVTIMEO</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RECONNECT_IVL</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_RECONNMINT</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RECONNECT_IVL_MAX</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_RECONNMAXT</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_SNDPRIO</code></td><td>None</td><td>Not supported in NNG yet.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RCVPRIO</code></td><td>None</td><td>Not supported in NNG yet.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_RCVFD</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_RECVFD</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_SNDFD</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_SENDFD</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_DOMAIN</code></td><td>None</td><td>NNG options are not divided by domain or protocol.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_PROTOCOL</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_PROTO</code></td><td>See also <code>NNG_OPT_PROTONAME</code>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_IPV4ONLY</code></td><td>None</td><td>Use URL such as <code>tcp4://</code> to obtain this functionality.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_SOCKET_NAME</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_SOCKNAME</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>NN_MAXTTL</code></td><td><code>NNG_OPT_MAXTTL</code></td><td></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
+</div>
+<h2 id="error-codes"><a class="header" href="#error-codes">Error Codes</a></h2>
+<p>Most of the error codes have similar names in NNG, just prefixed with <code>NNG_</code>.
+There are some exceptions. Be aware that the numeric values are <em>not</em> the same.</p>
+<div class="table-wrapper"><table><thead><tr><th>Nanomsg Error</th><th>NNG Error</th><th>Notes</th></tr></thead><tbody>
+<tr><td><code>EINTR</code></td><td><code>NNG_EINTR</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ENOMEM</code></td><td><code>NNG_ENOMEM</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EINVAL</code></td><td><code>NNG_EINVAL</code>, <code>NNG_EADDRINVAL</code>, <code>NNG_EBADTYPE</code>, <code>NNG_EAMBIGUOUS</code></td><td>NNG discrimates between different types of errors.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EBUSY</code></td><td><code>NNG_EBUSY</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ETIMEDOUT</code></td><td><code>NNG_ETIMEDOUT</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ECONNREFUSED</code></td><td><code>NNG_ECONNREFUSED</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EBADF</code></td><td><code>NNG_ECLOSED</code>, <code>NNG_ECANCELED</code></td><td>Canceling an operation returns differently than using an invalid or closed object.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EAGAIN</code></td><td><code>NNG_EAGAIN</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ENOTSUP</code></td><td><code>NNG_ENOTSUP</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EADDRINUSE</code></td><td><code>NNG_EADDRINUSE</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EFSM</code></td><td><code>NNG_ESTATE</code></td><td>Not a legal POSIX <em>errno</em> value.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ENOENT</code></td><td><code>NNG_ENOENT</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EPROTO</code></td><td><code>NNG_EPROTO</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EHOSTUNREACH</code></td><td><code>NNG_EUNREACHABLE</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EACCCES</code></td><td><code>NNG_EPERM</code>, <code>NNG_EWRITEONLY</code>, <code>NNG_EREADONLY</code>, <code>NNG_ECRYPTO</code>, <code>NNG_EPEERAUTH</code></td><td>NNG has more fine grained reasons for access failures.</td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EMSGSIZE</code></td><td><code>NNG_EMSGSIZE</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ECONNABORTED</code></td><td><code>NNG_ECONNABORTED</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ECONNRESET</code></td><td><code>NNG_ECONNRESET</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EEXIST</code></td><td><code>NNG_EEXIST</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>EMFILE</code></td><td><code>NNG_ENOFILES</code></td><td></td></tr>
+<tr><td><code>ENOSPC</code></td><td><code>NNG_ENOSPC</code></td><td></td></tr>
+</tbody></table>
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+ --mdbook-alerts-icon: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns="http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"%3E%3Cpath fill="currentColor" d="M12 17q.425 0 .713-.288T13 16q0-.425-.288-.712T12 15q-.425 0-.712.288T11 16q0 .425.288.713T12 17m0-4q.425 0 .713-.288T13 12V8q0-.425-.288-.712T12 7q-.425 0-.712.288T11 8v4q0 .425.288.713T12 13m-3.35 7H6q-.825 0-1.412-.587T4 18v-2.65L2.075 13.4q-.275-.3-.425-.662T1.5 12q0-.375.15-.737t.425-.663L4 8.65V6q0-.825.588-1.412T6 4h2.65l1.95-1.925q.3-.275.663-.425T12 1.5q.375 0 .738.15t.662.425L15.35 4H18q.825 0 1.413.588T20 6v2.65l1.925 1.95q.275.3.425.663t.15.737q0 .375-.15.738t-.425.662L20 15.35V18q0 .825-.587 1.413T18 20h-2.65l-1.95 1.925q-.3.275-.662.425T12 22.5q-.375 0-.737-.15t-.663-.425zm.85-2l2.5 2.5l2.5-2.5H18v-3.5l2.5-2.5L18 9.5V6h-3.5L12 3.5L9.5 6H6v3.5L3.5 12L6 14.5V18zm2.5-6"%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E');
+}
+
+</style>
+<h1 id="migrating-from-nng-1x"><a class="header" href="#migrating-from-nng-1x">Migrating from NNG 1.x</a></h1>
+<p>There are some incompatibities from NNG 1.x.
+This guide should help in migrating applications to use NNG 2.0.</p>
+<h2 id="nanomsg-compatibility"><a class="header" href="#nanomsg-compatibility">Nanomsg Compatibility</a></h2>
+<p>Applications using the legacy <code>libnanomsg</code> API will have to be updated to native <em>NNG</em> interfaces.
+See the <a href="nanomsg.html">Migrating From libnanomsg</a> chapter for details.</p>
+<h2 id="transport-specific-functions"><a class="header" href="#transport-specific-functions">Transport Specific Functions</a></h2>
+<p>Transports have not needed to be registered for a long time now,
+and the functions for doing so have been removed. These functions
+can be simply removed from your application:</p>
+<ul>
+<li><code>nng_inproc_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_ipc_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_tls_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_tcp_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_ws_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_wss_register</code></li>
+<li><code>nng_zt_register</code></li>
+</ul>
+<p>Additionally, the header files containing these functions have been removed, such as
+<code>nng/transport/ipc/ipc.h</code>. Simply remove <code>#include</code> references to those files.</p>
+<p>(Special exception: The options for ZeroTier are still located in the
+<code>nng/transport/zerotier/zerotier.h</code>.)</p>
+<p>The <code>NNG_OPT_WSS_REQUEST_HEADERS</code> and <code>NNG_OPT_WSS_RESPONSE_HEADERS</code> aliases for
+<code>NNG_OPT_WS_OPT_WS_REQUEST_HEADERS</code> and <code>NNG_OPT_WS_RESPONSE_HEADERS</code> have been removed.
+Just convert any use of them to <code>NNG_OPT_WS_REQUEST_HEADERS</code> or
+<code>NNG_OPT_WS_RESPONSE_HEADERS</code> as appropriate.</p>
+<h2 id="option-functions"><a class="header" href="#option-functions">Option Functions</a></h2>
+<p>The previously deprecated <code>nng_pipe_getopt_xxx</code> family of functions is removed.
+Applications should use <code>nng_pipe_get</code> and related functions instead.</p>
+<p>The socket option function families for <code>nng_getopt</code> and <code>nng_setopt</code> have been removed as well.
+In this case, use the <code>nng_socket_get</code> and <code>nng_socket_set</code> functions as appropriate.</p>
+<h2 id="transport-options"><a class="header" href="#transport-options">Transport Options</a></h2>
+<p>A number of transport options can no longer be set on the socket. Instead these
+options must be set on the endpoint (dialer or listener) using the appropriate
+<code>nng_dialer_set</code> or <code>nng_listener_set</code> option. This likely means that it is necessary
+to allocate and configure the endpoint before attaching it to the socket. This will
+also afford a much more fine-grained level of control over transport options.</p>
+<h2 id="statistics-use-constified-pointers"><a class="header" href="#statistics-use-constified-pointers">Statistics Use Constified Pointers</a></h2>
+<p>A number of the statistics functions take, or return, <code>const nng_stat *</code> instead
+of plain <code>nng_stat *</code>. The ABI has not changed, but it may be necessary to declare
+certain methods variables <code>const</code> to avoid warnings about misuse of <code>const</code>.</p>
+
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+
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