path: root/demo/rest/server.c

//
// Copyright 2025 Staysail Systems, Inc. <info@staysail.tech>
// Copyright 2018 Capitar IT Group BV <info@capitar.com>
//
// This software is supplied under the terms of the MIT License, a
// copy of which should be located in the distribution where this
// file was obtained (LICENSE.txt).  A copy of the license may also be
// found online at https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT.
//

#define INPROC_URL "inproc://rot13"
#define REST_URL "http://127.0.0.1:%u/api/rest/rot13"

// REST API -> NNG REP server demonstration.

// This is a silly demo -- it listens on port 8888 (or $PORT if present),
// and accepts HTTP POST requests at /api/rest/rot13
//
// These requests are converted into an NNG REQ message, and sent to an
// NNG REP server (builtin inproc_server, for demonstration purposes only).
// The reply is obtained from the server, and sent back to the client via
// the HTTP server framework.

// Example usage:
//
// % export CPPFLAGS="-I /usr/local/include"
// % export LDFLAGS="-L /usr/local/lib -lnng"
// % export CC="cc"
// % ${CC} ${CPPFLAGS} server.c -o server ${LDFLAGS}
// % ./server &
// % curl -d TEST http://127.0.0.1:8888/api/rest/rot13
// GRFG
//

#include <nng/http.h>
#include <nng/nng.h>

#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

// utility function
void
fatal(const char *what, int rv)
{
	fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n", what, nng_strerror(rv));
	exit(1);
}

// This server acts as a proxy.  We take HTTP POST requests, convert them to
// REQ messages, and when the reply is received, send the reply back to
// the original HTTP client.
//
// The state flow looks like:
//
// 1. Receive HTTP request & headers
// 2. Receive HTTP request (POST) data
// 3. Send POST payload as REQ body
// 4. Receive REP reply (including payload)
// 5. Return REP message body to the HTTP server (which forwards to client)
// 6. Restart at step 1.
//
// The above flow is pretty linear, and so we use contexts (nng_ctx) to
// obtain parallelism.

typedef enum {
	SEND_REQ, // Sending REQ request
	RECV_REP, // Receiving REQ reply
} job_state;

typedef struct rest_job {
	nng_aio         *http_aio; // aio from HTTP we must reply to
	job_state        state;    // 0 = sending, 1 = receiving
	nng_msg         *msg;      // request message
	nng_aio         *aio;      // request flow
	nng_ctx          ctx;      // context on the request socket
	nng_http        *conn;
	struct rest_job *next; // next on the freelist
} rest_job;

nng_socket req_sock;

// We maintain a queue of free jobs.  This way we don't have to
// deallocate them from the callback; we just reuse them.
nng_mtx  *job_lock;
rest_job *job_freelist;

static void rest_job_cb(void *arg);

static void
rest_recycle_job(rest_job *job)
{
	if (job->msg != NULL) {
		nng_msg_free(job->msg);
		job->msg = NULL;
	}
	if (nng_ctx_id(job->ctx) != 0) {
		nng_ctx_close(job->ctx);
	}

	nng_mtx_lock(job_lock);
	job->next    = job_freelist;
	job_freelist = job;
	nng_mtx_unlock(job_lock);
}

static rest_job *
rest_get_job(void)
{
	rest_job *job;

	nng_mtx_lock(job_lock);
	if ((job = job_freelist) != NULL) {
		job_freelist = job->next;
		nng_mtx_unlock(job_lock);
		job->next = NULL;
		return (job);
	}
	nng_mtx_unlock(job_lock);
	if ((job = calloc(1, sizeof(*job))) == NULL) {
		return (NULL);
	}
	if (nng_aio_alloc(&job->aio, rest_job_cb, job) != 0) {
		free(job);
		return (NULL);
	}
	return (job);
}

static void
rest_http_fatal(rest_job *job, int rv)
{
	nng_aio *aio = job->http_aio;

	// let the server give the details, we could have done more here
	// ourselves if we wanted a detailed message
	nng_aio_finish(aio, rv);
	rest_recycle_job(job);
}

static void
rest_job_cb(void *arg)
{
	rest_job *job = arg;
	nng_aio  *aio = job->aio;
	int       rv;

	switch (job->state) {
	case SEND_REQ:
		if ((rv = nng_aio_result(aio)) != 0) {
			rest_http_fatal(job, rv);
			return;
		}
		job->msg = NULL;
		// Message was sent, so now wait for the reply.
		nng_aio_set_msg(aio, NULL);
		job->state = RECV_REP;
		nng_ctx_recv(job->ctx, aio);
		break;
	case RECV_REP:
		if ((rv = nng_aio_result(aio)) != 0) {
			rest_http_fatal(job, rv);
			return;
		}
		job->msg = nng_aio_get_msg(aio);
		// We got a reply, so give it back to the server.
		rv = nng_http_copy_body(
		    job->conn, nng_msg_body(job->msg), nng_msg_len(job->msg));
		if (rv != 0) {
			rest_http_fatal(job, rv);
			return;
		}
		nng_http_set_status(job->conn, NNG_HTTP_STATUS_OK, NULL);
		nng_aio_finish(job->http_aio, 0);
		job->http_aio = NULL;
		// We are done with the job.
		rest_recycle_job(job);
		return;
	default:
		fatal("bad case", NNG_ESTATE);
		break;
	}
}

// Our rest server just takes the message body, creates a request ID
// for it, and sends it on.  This runs in raw mode, so
void
rest_handle(nng_http *conn, void *arg, nng_aio *aio)
{
	struct rest_job *job;
	size_t           sz;
	int              rv;
	void            *data;

	if ((job = rest_get_job()) == NULL) {
		nng_aio_finish(aio, NNG_ENOMEM);
		return;
	}
	job->conn = conn;
	if (((rv = nng_ctx_open(&job->ctx, req_sock)) != 0)) {
		rest_recycle_job(job);
		nng_aio_finish(aio, rv);
		return;
	}

	nng_http_get_body(conn, &data, &sz);
	job->http_aio = aio;

	if ((rv = nng_msg_alloc(&job->msg, sz)) != 0) {
		rest_http_fatal(job, rv);
		return;
	}

	memcpy(nng_msg_body(job->msg), data, sz);
	nng_aio_set_msg(job->aio, job->msg);
	job->state = SEND_REQ;
	nng_ctx_send(job->ctx, job->aio);
}

void
rest_start(uint16_t port)
{
	nng_http_server  *server;
	nng_http_handler *handler;
	char              rest_addr[128];
	nng_url          *url;
	int               rv;

	if ((rv = nng_mtx_alloc(&job_lock)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_mtx_alloc", rv);
	}
	job_freelist = NULL;

	// Set up some strings, etc.  We use the port number
	// from the argument list.
	snprintf(rest_addr, sizeof(rest_addr), REST_URL, port);
	if ((rv = nng_url_parse(&url, rest_addr)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_url_parse", rv);
	}

	// Create the REQ socket, and put it in raw mode, connected to
	// the remote REP server (our inproc server in this case).
	if ((rv = nng_req0_open(&req_sock)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_req0_open", rv);
	}
	if ((rv = nng_dial(req_sock, INPROC_URL, NULL, NNG_FLAG_NONBLOCK)) !=
	    0) {
		fatal("nng_dial(" INPROC_URL ")", rv);
	}

	// Get a suitable HTTP server instance.  This creates one
	// if it doesn't already exist.
	if ((rv = nng_http_server_hold(&server, url)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_http_server_hold", rv);
	}

	// Allocate the handler - we use a dynamic handler for REST
	// using the function "rest_handle" declared above.
	rv = nng_http_handler_alloc(&handler, nng_url_path(url), rest_handle);
	if (rv != 0) {
		fatal("nng_http_handler_alloc", rv);
	}

	nng_http_handler_set_method(handler, "POST");

	// We want to collect the body, and we (arbitrarily) limit this to
	// 128KB.  The default limit is 1MB.  You can explicitly collect
	// the data yourself with another HTTP read transaction by disabling
	// this, but that's a lot of work, especially if you want to handle
	// chunked transfers.
	nng_http_handler_collect_body(handler, true, 1024 * 128);

	if ((rv = nng_http_server_add_handler(server, handler)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_http_handler_add_handler", rv);
	}
	if ((rv = nng_http_server_start(server)) != 0) {
		fatal("nng_http_server_start", rv);
	}

	nng_url_free(url);
}

//
// inproc_server - this just is a simple REP server that listens for
// messages, and performs ROT13 on them before sending them.  This
// doesn't have to be in the same process -- it is hear for demonstration
// simplicity only.  (Most likely this would be somewhere else.)  Note
// especially that this uses inproc, so nothing can get to it directly
// from outside the process.
//
void
inproc_server(void *arg)
{
	nng_socket s;
	int        rv;
	nng_msg   *msg;

	if (((rv = nng_rep0_open(&s)) != 0) ||
	    ((rv = nng_listen(s, INPROC_URL, NULL, 0)) != 0)) {
		fatal("unable to set up inproc", rv);
	}
	// This is simple enough that we don't need concurrency.  Plus it
	// makes for an easier demo.
	for (;;) {
		char *body;
		if ((rv = nng_recvmsg(s, &msg, 0)) != 0) {
			fatal("inproc recvmsg", rv);
		}
		body = nng_msg_body(msg);
		for (size_t i = 0; i < nng_msg_len(msg); i++) {
			// Table lookup would be faster, but this works.
			if (isupper(body[i])) {
				char base = body[i] - 'A';
				base      = (base + 13) % 26;
				body[i]   = base + 'A';
			} else if (islower(body[i])) {
				char base = body[i] - 'a';
				base      = (base + 13) % 26;
				body[i]   = base + 'a';
			}
		}
		if ((rv = nng_sendmsg(s, msg, 0)) != 0) {
			fatal("inproc sendmsg", rv);
		}
	}
}

int
main(int argc, char **argv)
{
	int         rv;
	nng_thread *inproc_thr;
	uint16_t    port = 0;

	if ((rv = nng_init(NULL)) != 0) {
		fatal("cannot init NNG", rv);
	}
	rv = nng_thread_create(&inproc_thr, inproc_server, NULL);
	if (rv != 0) {
		fatal("cannot start inproc server", rv);
	}
	if (getenv("PORT") != NULL) {
		port = (uint16_t) atoi(getenv("PORT"));
	}
	port = port ? port : 8888;
	rest_start(port);

	// This runs forever.  The inproc_thr never exits, so we
	// just block behind its condition variable.
	nng_thread_destroy(inproc_thr);
	nng_fini();
}