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<h1 id="id-map"><a class="header" href="#id-map">ID Map</a></h1>
<p>Internally, <em>NNG</em> uses a map of numeric identifiers to data structures.
This feature is also exposed for application use, as a “supplemental” feature.</p>
<p>When using these functions, it is necessary to add the <code>#include <nng/supplemental/util/idhash.h></code>
include file to list of includes.</p>
<h2 id="id-map-structure"><a class="header" href="#id-map-structure">ID Map Structure</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">typedef struct nng_id_map_s nng_id_map;
</code></pre>
<p>The ID map structure, <a name="a001"></a><code>nng_id_map</code> provides a table of identifiers mapping
to user-supplied pointers (which must not be <code>NULL</code>). The identifiers can be
thought of as indices into the table, with the pointers providing the reference
for the user supplied data.</p>
<p>The values of identifiers can be supplied by the user, or can be allocated automatically
by <code>nng_id_map</code> from a predefined range. The starting point for allocations
can also be randomly within the range.</p>
<p>The identifiers are 64-bit unsigned integers and can be sparse; the structure
will use space efficiently even if identifiers are very far apart.
<sup><a name="to-footnote-1"><a href="#footnote-1">1</a></a></sup></p>
<div class="mdbook-alerts mdbook-alerts-important">
<p class="mdbook-alerts-title">
<span class="mdbook-alerts-icon"></span>
important
</p>
<p>The function available for <code>nng_id_map</code> are <em>not</em> thread-safe.
Callers should use a <a href="../../api/synch.html#mutual-exclusion-lock">mutex</a> or similar approach when thread-safety is needed.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="create-id-map"><a class="header" href="#create-id-map">Create ID Map</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">#define NNG_MAP_RANDOM 1
int nng_id_map_alloc(nng_id_map **map_p, uint64_t lo, uint64_t hi, int flags);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a002"></a><code>nng_id_map_alloc</code> function allocates a map without any data in it,
and returns a pointer to it in <em>map_p</em>. When allocating identifiers dynamically,
the values will be chosen from the range defined by <em>lo</em> and <em>hi</em>, inclusive.</p>
<p>The <em>flags</em> argument is a bit mask of flags that can adjust behavior of the map.
The only flag defined at present
is <code>NNG_MAP_RANDOM</code>, which causes the first identifier allocation to start at a random
point within the range.
This is useful to reduce the odds of different instances of an application using
the same identifiers at the same time.</p>
<p>If both <em>lo</em> and <em>hi</em> are zero, then the values <code>0</code> and <code>0xffffffff</code> are substituted
in their place, giving a full range of 32-bit identifiers.</p>
<p>This function can return <a href="../../api/errors.html#NNG_ENOMEM"><code>NNG_ENOMEM</code></a> if it is unable to allocate resources, otherwise
it returns zero on success.</p>
<h2 id="destroy-map"><a class="header" href="#destroy-map">Destroy Map</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">void nng_id_map_free(nng_id_map *map);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a003"></a><code>nng_id_map_free</code> function destroys <em>map</em>, releasing any resources associated
with it.</p>
<div class="mdbook-alerts mdbook-alerts-note">
<p class="mdbook-alerts-title">
<span class="mdbook-alerts-icon"></span>
note
</p>
<p>The <code>nng_id_map_free</code> frees the map itself, but will not free memory associated with
any structures contained within it.</p>
</div>
<h2 id="store-a-value"><a class="header" href="#store-a-value">Store a Value</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">int nng_id_set(nng_id_map *map, uint64_t id, void *value);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a004"></a><code>nng_id_map_set</code> function is used to store the <em>value</em> in the <em>map</em> at
index <em>id</em>.</p>
<p>If another value is already stored at that same location, then it is overwritten with
<em>value</em>.</p>
<div class="mdbook-alerts mdbook-alerts-note">
<p class="mdbook-alerts-title">
<span class="mdbook-alerts-icon"></span>
note
</p>
<p>The <em>value</em> must not be <code>NULL</code>.</p>
</div>
<p>If the table has to grow to accommodate this value, it may fail if insufficient
memory is available, returning <a href="../../api/errors.html#NNG_ENOMEM"><code>NNG_ENOMEM</code></a>. Otherwise it returns zero.</p>
<h2 id="lookup-a-value"><a class="header" href="#lookup-a-value">Lookup a Value</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">void *nng_id_get(nng_id_map *map, uint64_t id);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a005"></a><code>nng_id_get</code> function looks up the entry for <em>id</em> in <em>map</em>, returning the
associated value if present, or <code>NULL</code> if no such entry exists.</p>
<h2 id="allocate-an-id"><a class="header" href="#allocate-an-id">Allocate an ID</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">int nng_id_alloc(nng_id_map *map, uint64_t *id_p, void *value);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a006"></a><code>nng_id_alloc</code> stores the <em>value</em> in the <em>map</em>, at a newly allocated index,
and returns the index in <em>id_p</em>.</p>
<p>Identifiers are allocated in increasing order, without reusing old identifiers until the
largest possible identifier is allocated. After wrapping, only identifiers that are no longer
in use will be considered.
No effort is made to order the availability of identifiers based on
when they were freed.<sup><a name="to-footnote-2"><a href="#footnote-2">2</a></a></sup></p>
<p>As with <a href="../../api/id_map.html#store-a-value"><code>nng_id_set</code></a>, this may need to allocate memory and can thus
fail with <a href="../../api/errors.html#NNG_ENOMEM"><code>NNG_ENOMEM</code></a>.</p>
<p>Additionally, if there are no more free identifiers within the range specified
when <em>map</em> was created, then it will return <a href="../../api/errors.html#NNG_ENOSPC"><code>NNG_ENOSPC</code></a>.</p>
<p>Otherwise it returns zero, indicating success.</p>
<h2 id="remove-an-id"><a class="header" href="#remove-an-id">Remove an ID</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">int nng_id_remove(nng_id_map *map, uint64_t id);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a007"></a><code>nng_id_remove</code> removes the entry at index <em>id</em> from <em>map</em>.</p>
<p>If no such entry exist, it will return <a href="../../api/errors.html#NNG_ENOENT"><code>NNG_ENOENT</code></a>. Otherwise it returns zero.</p>
<h2 id="iterating-ids"><a class="header" href="#iterating-ids">Iterating IDs</a></h2>
<pre><code class="language-c">bool nng_id_visit(nng_id_map *map, uint64_t *id_p, void **value_p, uint32_t *cursor);
</code></pre>
<p>The <a name="a008"></a><code>nng_id_visit</code> function is used to iterate over all items in the table.
The caller starts the iteration by setting the <em>cursor</em> to 0 before calling it.
For each call, the associated key and value of the next item will be returned in <em>id_p</em>,
and <em>value_p</em> and the <em>cursor</em> will be updated.
When all items have been iterated, the function returns <code>false</code>.
The order of items returned is not guaranteed to be sequential.
The caller must not attempt to derive any value of the <em>cursor</em> as it refers to internal table indices.</p>
<p>Entries may be safely removed from <em>map</em> while iterating.</p>
<p>However, if new entries are added to the table while iterating, the result of
iteration is undefined; entries may be repeated or omitted during such an iteration.</p>
<p>The caller must not attempt to derive any value of the <em>cursor</em> as it refers to internal
table indices.</p>
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<p><hr/>
<p><a name="footnote-1"><a href="#to-footnote-1">1</a></a>: The ID map is capable of storing at most 2<sup>32</sup> identifiers, even though the identifiers may
themselves be much larger than this.</p>
<p><a name="footnote-2"><a href="#to-footnote-2">2</a></a>: The concern about possibly reusing a
recently released identifier comes into consideration after the range has wrapped.
Given a sufficiently large range, this is unlikely to be a concern.</p>
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