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authorGarrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>2024-10-23 17:38:03 -0700
committerGarrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>2024-10-23 17:38:03 -0700
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-# nng_opts_parse
-
-## NAME
-
-nng_opts_parse --- parse command line options
-
-## SYNOPSIS
-
-```c
-#include <nng/nng.h>
-#include <nng/supplemental/util/options.h>
-
-typedef struct nng_optspec {
- const char *o_name; // Long style name (may be NULL for short only)
- int o_short; // Short option (no clustering!)
- int o_val; // Value stored on a good parse (>0)
- bool o_arg; // Option takes an argument if true
-} nng_optspec;
-
-int nng_opts_parse(int argc, char *const *argv,
- const nng_optspec *spec, int *val, char **arg, int *idx);
-```
-
-## DESCRIPTION
-
-The {{i:`nng_opts_parse`}} function is a intended to facilitate parsing
-{{i:command-line arguments}}.
-This function exists largely to stand in for {{i:`getopt`}} from POSIX systems,
-but it is available everywhere that _NNG_ is, and it includes
-some capabilities missing from `getopt`.
-
-The function parses arguments from `main` (using _argc_ and _argv_),
-starting at the index referenced by _idx_.
-(New invocations typically set the value pointed to by _idx_ to 1.)
-
-Options are parsed as specified by _spec_ (see [Option Specification](#option-specification).)
-The value of the parsed option will be stored at the address indicated by
-_val_, and the value of _idx_ will be incremented to reflect the next
-option to parse.
-
-> [!TIP]
-> For using this to parse command-line like strings that do not include
-> the command name itself, set the value referenced by _idx_ to zero instead of one.
-
-If the option had an argument, a pointer to that is returned at the address
-referenced by _arg_.
-
-This function should be called repeatedly, until it returns either -1
-(indicating the end of options is reached) or a non-zero error code is
-returned.
-
-### Option Specification
-
-The calling program must first create an array of {{i:`nng_optspec`}} structures
-describing the options to be supported.
-This structure has the following members:
-
-- `o_name`:
-
- The long style name for the option, such as "verbose".
- This will be parsed on the command line when it is prefixed with two dashes.
- It may be `NULL` if only a short option is to be supported.
-
-- `o_short`:
-
- This is a single letter (at present only ASCII letters are supported).
- These options appear as just a single letter, and are prefixed with a single dash on the command line.
- The use of a slash in lieu of the dash is _not_ supported, in order to avoid confusion with path name arguments.
- This value may be set to 0 if no short option is needed.
-
-- `o_val`:
-
- This is a numeric value that is unique to this option.
- This value is assigned by the application program, and must be non-zero for a valid option.
- If this is zero, then it indicates the end of the specifications, and the
- rest of this structure is ignored.
- The value will be returned to the caller in _val_ by `nng_opts_parse` when
- this option is parsed from the command line.
-
-- `o_arg`:
-
- This value should be set to `true` if the option should take an argument.
-
-### Long Options
-
-Long options are parsed from the _argv_ array, and are indicated when
-the element being scanned starts with two dashes.
-For example, the "verbose" option would be specified as `--verbose` on
-the command line.
-If a long option takes an argument, it can either immediately follow
-the option as the next element in _argv_, or it can be appended to
-the option, separated from the option by an equals sign (`=`) or a
-colon (`:`).
-
-### Short Options
-
-Short options appear by themselves in an _argv_ element, prefixed by a dash (`-`).
-If the short option takes an argument, it can either be appended in the
-same element of _argv_, or may appear in the next _argv_ element.
-
-> [!NOTE]
-> Option clustering, where multiple options can be crammed together in
-> a single _argv_ element, is not supported by this function (yet).
-
-### Prefix Matching
-
-When using long options, the parser will match if it is equal to a prefix
-of the `o_name` member of a option specification, provided that it do so
-unambiguously (meaning it must not match any other option specification.)
-
-## EXAMPLE
-
-The following program fragment demonstrates this function.
-
-```c
- enum { OPT_LOGFILE, OPT_VERBOSE };
- char *logfile; // options to be set
- bool verbose;
-
- static nng_optspec specs[] = {
- {
- .o_name = "logfile",
- .o_short = 'D',
- .o_val = OPT_LOGFILE,
- .o_arg = true,
- }, {
- .o_name = "verbose",
- .o_short = 'V',
- .o_val = OPT_VERBOSE,
- .o_arg = false,
- }, {
- .o_val = 0; // Terminate array
- }
- };
-
- for (int idx = 1;;) {
- int rv, opt;
- char *arg;
- rv = nng_opts_parse(argc, argv, specs, &opt, &arg, &idx);
- if (rv != 0) {
- break;
- }
- switch (opt) {
- case OPT_LOGFILE:
- logfile = arg;
- break;
- case OPT_VERBOSE:
- verbose = true;
- break;
- }
- }
- if (rv != -1) {
- printf("Options error: %s\n", nng_strerror(rv));
- exit(1);
- }
-```
-
-## RETURN VALUES
-
-This function returns 0 if an option parsed correctly, -1 if
-no more options are available to be parsed, or an error number otherwise.
-
-## ERRORS
-
-- `NNG_EAMBIGUOUS`: Parsed option matches more than one specification.
-- `NNG_ENOARG`: Option requires an argument, but one is not present.
-- `NNG_EINVAL`: An invalid (unknown) argument is present.